Henry Ford?s concept of mass production was honed to perfection in the early decades of the 20th century with the Model T. The techniques of the moving assembly line brought a supreme efficiency to the use of labor, materials, time and space. Ford passed some of the savings on to the customer. Although the first Model T was sold for $850, the price eventually dropped to under $300. Ford produced the Model T from 1908 until 1927, building fifteen million cars.
The dehumanizing production conditions led to a yearly employee turnover rate greater than 400 percent and daily absenteeism of fifteen to twenty percent. To combat this ?waste,? Ford introduced the Five Dollar Day in 1914 as an incentive to lure good workers. [Average daily wage in the automobile industry at the time was $2.94!] To determine who was ?fit? to receive the $5.00 wage, the company organized the Sociological Department to examine the private lives of employees. Investigators from the Sociological Department visited workers' homes and suggested ways to achieve the company's standards for "better morals," sanitary living conditions, and "habits of thrift and saving.?
Should employers have any say over their workers? private lives? Were Henry Ford?s efforts to insure his workers learned English, lived in single-family homes, didn?t drink or gamble, and adopted American values appropriate or too intrusive?